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TechScout/analyses/discovery_be66d6e8.json

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{
"id": "be66d6e8",
"capability_gap": "need a technology that improves Space Domain Awareness for objects beyond the diffraction limit",
"timestamp": "2026-01-13T12:19:05.681389",
"decomposition": {
"original_query": "need a technology that improves Space Domain Awareness for objects beyond the diffraction limit",
"understanding": "The capability gap requires a technology that improves Space Domain Awareness for objects beyond the diffraction limit, likely involving advanced imaging or sensing techniques to detect and track small or distant objects in space.",
"technical_domains": [
"Optics",
"Imaging",
"Sensing",
"Signal Processing",
"Machine Learning"
],
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"site:edu OR site:gov (diffraction limit AND space domain awareness) AND (imaging OR sensing)",
"(optical coherence tomography OR super-resolution microscopy) AND space object detection",
"site:arxiv.org (sub-diffraction imaging OR super-resolution imaging) AND space exploration",
"site:sciencedirect.com (image processing AND space domain awareness) AND small object detection",
"(machine learning AND image analysis) AND space-based surveillance"
],
"sbir_queries": [
"R&D (optical imaging AND sub-diffraction limit) AND space domain awareness AND small object detection",
"SBIR (super-resolution sensing AND machine learning) AND space exploration AND object tracking"
],
"patent_queries": [
"(sub-diffraction imaging OR super-resolution microscopy) AND space-based surveillance AND patent",
"(optical coherence tomography AND image processing) AND space domain awareness AND patent"
],
"news_queries": [
"space domain awareness AND small object detection AND recent developments",
"super-resolution imaging AND space exploration AND industry news"
],
"keywords": [
"diffraction limit",
"sub-diffraction imaging",
"super-resolution microscopy",
"optical coherence tomography",
"machine learning"
],
"exclusions": [
"laser",
"photonics",
"non-linear optics"
],
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"success": true,
"error": null
},
"candidates": [
{
"id": "be66d6e8-0",
"title": "BlackSky Signs Seven-Figure Space Domain Awareness Expansion Contract with HEO for Fully Automated Non-Earth Imaging Missions",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "HERNDON, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--BlackSky Technology Inc. (NYSE: BKSY) signed a seven-figure Gen-2 space domain awareness expansion contract with HEO to provide fully-automated low-latency non-Earth imaging (NEI) services for defense, intelligence and ...",
"source_type": "news",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250819468601/en/BlackSky-Signs-Seven-Figure-Space-Domain-Awareness-Expansion-Contract-with-HEO-for-Fully-Automated-Non-Earth-Imaging-Missions",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-1",
"title": "US Space Force's new deep space radar tracks multiple satellites 22,000 miles away in key test",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "DARC is designed to track multiple small moving objects in geosynchronous orbit \u2014 all around the globe, 24 hours a day. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here's how it works. A powerful new radar system ...",
"source_type": "news",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.space.com/technology/us-space-forces-new-deep-space-radar-tracks-multiple-satellites-22-000-miles-away-in-key-test",
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"title": "China\u2019s StarDetect raises Series A funding to expand on-orbit computing and space domain awareness services",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "HELSINKI \u2014 Chinese commercial firm StarDetect has raised early funding as it seeks to establish itself as a provider of space domain awareness and satellite computing solutions. StarDetect, which ...",
"source_type": "news",
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"url": "https://spacenews.com/chinas-stardetect-raises-series-a-funding-to-expand-on-orbit-computing-and-space-domain-awareness-services/",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-3",
"title": "[PDF] Synthesis of Disparate Optical Imaging Data for Space Domain Awareness - OSTI.gov",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Sep 16, 2016 \u00b7 Synthesis of disparate optical imaging data for space domain awareness ... an Airy disk (the diffraction limited PSF of an unaberrated system ...",
"source_type": "government",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1334727",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-4",
"title": "Quantum Inspired Telescope Imaging for Space Situational Awareness (QUINTISSA) - Topic | SBIR",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "... imaging measurements are limited by the \u201cRayleigh diffraction criterion\u201d. ... Domain Awareness squadrons within the US Space Force, as well as NASA and the ...",
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"id": "be66d6e8-5",
"title": "Diffraction & Interference",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "The Diffraction Limit Diffraction imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of optical systems: Suppose we want to image 2 distant points, and S 2, through an aperture of width a: Two points are resolved when the maximum of one is at the minimum of the second",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-6",
"title": "Structured detection for simultaneous super-resolution and optical ...",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "A reconstruction method for image scanning microscopy exploits all the information encoded in the four-dimensional image scanning microscopy dataset to achieve optical sectioning and maintain ...",
"source_type": "academic",
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"url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01695-0",
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"title": "Multi-object tracking based on spatial super-resolution and ...",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "In this study, we propose a multi- object tracking method based on spatial super-resolution and spatiotemporal convolutional self-attention. First, to solve the problem of missed detection of small objects , we utilize spatial super-resolution algorithm, extracting more detailed information about object features.",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-8",
"title": "[2406.03179] Machine learning with sub-diffraction resolution in the photon-counting regime",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Jun 5, 2024 \u00b7 We outline a hybrid machine learning algorithm for image classification that includes a physical part and a computational part. Missing: exploration | Show results with: exploration",
"source_type": "academic",
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"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.03179",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-9",
"title": "[2510.19911] On-sky Demonstration of Subdiffraction-limited Astronomical Measurement Using a Photonic Lantern - arXiv",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Oct 22, 2025 \u00b7 This work demonstrates the high precision, efficiency, and practicality of photonic mode-based imaging techniques to recover subdiffraction- ... Missing: exploration | Show results with: exploration",
"source_type": "academic",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-10",
"title": "[2308.07262] Detecting changes to sub-diffraction objects with quantum-optimal speed and accuracy - arXiv",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Aug 14, 2023 \u00b7 Detecting if and when objects change is difficult in passive sub-diffraction imaging of dynamic scenes. We consider the best possible tradeoff ... Missing: exploration | Show results with: exploration",
"source_type": "academic",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07262",
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},
{
"id": "be66d6e8-11",
"title": "SDebrisNet: A Spatial-Temporal Saliency Network for Space Debris Detection",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "The rapidly growing number of space activities is generating numerous space debris, which greatly threatens the safety of space operations. Therefore, space -based space debris surveillance is crucial for the early avoidance of spacecraft emergencies. With the progress in computer vision technology, space debris detection using optical sensors has become a promising solution. However, detecting ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4955",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-12",
"title": "Optimized small object detection in low resolution infrared images ...",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "This section reviews state-of-the-art research on infrared image super-resolution , attention mechanisms, small object detection , and lightweight networks, providing theoretical and technical foundations for this study.",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0328223",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-13",
"title": "PDF NEAR EARTH OBJECT IMAGE RESTORATION WITH MULTI ... - European Space Agency",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "ABSTRACT This article outlines the design and development of a photometry-based image restoration system of near Earth objects for use with 1 m class optical telescopes. Multi- object adaptive optics is used to reduce the effects of at-mospheric distortion for improved image resolution of satellite and large debris objects , without the use of arti-ficial beacons. Using wavefront measurements ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/neosst1/paper/448/NEOSST1-paper448.pdf",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-14",
"title": "AgeDETR: Attention-Guided Efficient DETR for Space Target Detection - MDPI",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "In space target detection , the evolution of object detection algorithms and the integration of attention mechanisms are paramount. This section explores the current state of object detection algorithms, with a focus on the advancements and limitations of prominent methods such as YOLO and DETR.",
"source_type": "web",
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"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3452",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-15",
"title": "Modular Detection Framework for Space Targets in Short-Exposure Imagery - ScienceDirect",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "7 days ago \u00b7 Detecting and tracking dim, small point-like space targets in optical images is crucial for space situational awareness (SSA) but remains ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117726000037",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-16",
"title": "A-contrario structural inference for space object detection and tracking - ScienceDirect.com",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Introduction. Space Domain Awareness (SDA) involves monitoring and understanding space-based assets, weather, and related phenomena for maintaining security, ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576522003915",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-17",
"title": "Optical-based space situational awareness using wide field-of-view sensors - ScienceDirect",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Optical telescopes are highly effective in tracking space objects and are indispensable for the space situational awareness ecosystem.",
"source_type": "web",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-18",
"title": "OrbitTrack: Advanced RSO detection and tracking from wide field-of-view on-orbit images",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Oct 15, 2025 \u00b7 A graph-based tracking approach is used to match objects by optimizing an objective function that minimizes four distinct cost functions. The ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117725008683",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-19",
"title": "Enhancing Tiny Object Detection Using Guided Object Inference Slicing (GOIS): An efficient dynamic adaptive framework for fine-tuned and non-fine-tuned deep learning models",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Aug 1, 2025 \u00b7 This paper presents the Dynamic Adaptive Guided Object Inference Slicing (GOIS) framework, a two-stage adaptive slicing strategy that dynamically reallocates ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231225009993/pdf",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-20",
"title": "Deep learning based infrared small object segmentation: Challenges and future directions",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Three great challenges of achieving high-quality infrared small object recognition for diverse long-distance infrared perception scenarios are summarized.",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1566253525000806",
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},
{
"id": "be66d6e8-21",
"title": "Real-time discovery of near-earth objects via accelerated image analysis with AI methods",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "19 hours ago \u00b7 Deep learning-based image processing: A unique deep learning model was developed, trained on both real and synthetic data, enabling the reliable ...",
"source_type": "web",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576526000251",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-22",
"title": "Real-time object detection, tracking, and monitoring framework for security surveillance systems - ScienceDirect",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Aug 15, 2024 \u00b7 This study presents a real-time framework for object detection and tracking for security surveillance systems.",
"source_type": "web",
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"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402410953X",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-23",
"title": "Inside the new age of space domain awareness",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "In this episode of Space Minds, host David Ariosto speaks with Doug Hendrix, co-founder and CEO of ExoAnalytic Solutions \u2014 a company born from three physicists' passion for solving hard problems in space. Hendrix shares how ExoAnalytic grew from ...",
"source_type": "news",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://spacenews.com/inside-the-new-age-of-space-domain-awareness/",
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"published_date": "2025-10-30T00:00:00+00:00",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-24",
"title": "Managing space domain awareness data has become a greater challenge than collecting it",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Demand has never been greater for the monitoring of objects in orbit and the coordination of their safe movement. The number of active satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) has surged from less than a ...",
"source_type": "news",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://spacenews.com/managing-space-domain-awareness-data-has-become-a-greater-challenge-than-collecting-it/",
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"published_date": "2025-11-06T06:00:00+00:00",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-25",
"title": "Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives - PMC",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "This review is focused on the current status (year 2019) of a mesoscopic and macroscopic imaging technique called spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI)",
"source_type": "government",
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"url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6995958/",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-26",
"title": "[PDF] Chinese Research in Space-Based Space Surveillance - Air University",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Aug 26, 2024 \u00b7 Since diffraction- limited resolution is directly proportional to aperture (or lens) size, a surveillance satellite 1,000 km below the GEO belt ...",
"source_type": "academic",
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"url": "https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Space/2024-08-26+Chinese+Research+in+Space-Based+Space+Surveillance.pdf",
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{
"id": "be66d6e8-27",
"title": "[1608.03211] Subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging via spatial-mode demultiplexing",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "Aug 9, 2016 \u00b7 I propose a spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement scheme for the far-field imaging of spatially incoherent optical sources. Missing: exploration | Show results with: exploration",
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"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.03211",
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},
{
"id": "be66d6e8-28",
"title": "[PDF] High-throughput Super-Resolution Imaging Chip based on Miniaturized Full- frequency Encoded-illumination - arXiv",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "The mini-FEI super-resolution imaging chip is simple and cost effective to fabricate and can be used in conjunction with any inverted brightfield microscope ...",
"source_type": "academic",
"source": "DuckDuckGo",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.16693",
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{
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"title": "SmallSat capabilities - LLNL Space Science Institute",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "These optics are diffraction limited, and the design is athermal (when the glass expands or contracts due to changes in temperature, the focus remains constant) ...",
"source_type": "government",
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"url": "https://space-science.llnl.gov/research/smallsat-capabilities",
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{
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"title": "The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. I Ch. 30: Diffraction",
"organization": "Unknown",
"description": "The only complication is that a crystal is three-dimensional; it is a repeating three-dimensional array of atoms. We cannot use ordinary light, because we must use something whose wavelength is less than the space between the atoms or we get no effect; so we must use radiation of very short wavelength, i.e., x-rays.",
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{
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"title": "Microsoft Word - Ch. 05 Diffraction - MIT OpenCourseWare Diffraction & Interference Diffraction and Resolution - Rochester Institute of Technology Handout 4: Basics of Diffraction - The University of Toledo Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture5.ppt Diffraction and Resolution - Rochester Institute of Technology MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture5.ppt MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY",
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"description": "For discussing holography, we will concentrate on diffraction effects caused by repetitive or periodic structures, such as evenly- spaced slits in an opaque screen (like a picket fence). We usually describe these by a transmittance function, t(x,y), and periodicity in the x-direction with spacing d means, in mathematical terms, that t(x-md,y) = t(x,... See full list on ocw.mit. edu The situation is actually more complex than it might seem at first glance. Even if the laser beam goes through an empty frame, it eventually starts to diverge, to expand at some constant diameter increase per distance, which is to say that it diverges with some constant angle, \u03b8diverge. Even if the wavefronts are carefully collimated when they come... See full list on ocw.mit. edu The previous discussion showed that an incoming plane perpendicular to the grating results in one plane wave angled up at an angle \u201ctheta\u201d ( ) given by \u03b8 sin( = d, and another wave angled downward by the same angle, at - And \u03b8) \u03bb/ \u03b8. above and below those are more waves deflected by larger angles, given by sin( ) = \u00b12 d. If the slits have a suitabl... See full list on ocw.mit. edu Our arguments for physical reasonableness have been built on a model of the grating as a series of narrow slits, with assurances that the angles depend only on the spatial frequency of the slits and not on their width or other properties. Now we will examine this premise for a special kind of slit, one that attenuates the wavefront according to a s... See full list on ocw.mit. edu What happens when light hits a picket fence structure (that is, a \u201cgrating\u201d) is truly amazing, and raises all kinds of doubts about our real-world physical intuition. Suppose we let the light trickle through one photon at a time? Which direction does an individual photon take? Such questions are the meat of quantum physics courses, and this is a cl... See full list on ocw.mit. edu The Diffraction Limit Diffraction imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of optical systems: Suppose we want to image 2 distant points, and S 2, through an aperture of width a: Two points are resolved when the maximum of one is at the minimum of the second Diffraction causes points of light which are close together to blur into a single spot: it sets a limit on the resolution with which one can see. The smallest angle at which two points of light may be distinguished is X-ray diffraction \u201cScattering of X-rays by the atoms of a crystal that produces an interference effect so that the diffraction pattern gives information on the structure of the crystal or the identity of a crystalline substance\u201d (Webster\u2019s) Does diffraction limit image quality? If the distance between adjacent pixels is less than the minimum resolvable separation due to diffraction , then diffraction limits the image quality. The \u201cfnumber\u201d of a lens is defined as f/D. To mini mize diffraction , you want a small fnumber, i.e., a large aperture*. *This assumes a \u2018perfect lens\u2019. Why is diffraction important? Diffraction causes points of light which are close together to blur into a single spot: it sets a limit on the resolution with which one can see . lambda sin(theta) = ---------- What is the maximum light intensity in a diffraction pattern? 0 is the maximum light intensity. Thus, A monochromatic light is incident on a single slit of width 0.800 mm, and a diffraction pattern is formed at a screen which is 0.800 m away from the slit. The second-order bright fringe is at a distance 1.60 mm from the center of the central maximum. Does diffraction limit focusing a laser beam to a small spot? However, diffraction limits this . after passing through a perfect lens with focal length f = 5mm and diameter D lens = 6 mm? There are many times you would like to focus a laser beam to as small a spot as possible. However, diffraction limits this. after passing through a perfect lens with focal length f = 5mm and diameter D lens = 6 mm? Diffraction is the bending of waves as they pass by an object or through an aperture. In a single-slit Fraunhofer diffraction , the condition for destructive interference is",
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